National Influenza Genomic Surveillance Report

Country: United States
Influenza season: 2026 Northern Hemisphere

Date of Report: 2026-05-20
Reporting period: 2026-01-01 – 2026-12-31

1. Executive Summary

This report summarizes influenza virus genomic surveillance conducted during the 2026 Northern Hemisphere influenza season in United States. Surveillance integrates routine virological testing with whole-genome sequencing to monitor circulating influenza strains, genetic diversity, antiviral resistance markers, and phylogenetic relationships.

Key findings:

Total Specimens 250
Influenza-positive specimens 241
Viruses sequenced 235
Dominant clades/subclades: 3C.2a1b.2a.2a.3a.1

2. Surveillance System and Sample Collection

Surviellance Systems Sentinel outpatient influenza-like illness (ILI) surveillance
Specimen types nasopharyngeal swab
Collection mediums iral transport medium
Testing laboratories Lab1, Lab2, Lab3, Lab4, Lab5
Age groups included 1 - 100
Geographic coverage CA, GA, MI, NY, WA

3. Virological Screening Results

3.1 Total Specimens Tested

Metric Count
Total specimens tested 250
Influenza-positive specimens 241
Influenza-negative specimens 9

3.2 Influenza Type and Subtype Distribution

Virus Type / Subtype Count Percentage (%)
Influenza A 192 96.0
└─ H3N2 113 56.5
└─ H9N2 43 21.5
└─ H1N1 24 12.0
└─ H5N1 12 6.0
Influenza B 8 4.0
└─ BVIC 8 4.0
Total influenza positive 200 100.0

4. Sequencing Overview

4.1 Sequencing Selection Criteria

Specimens were selected for sequencing based on:

Ct value range 10.0 - 25.0
Geographic coverage CA, GA, MI, NY, WA
Temporal distribution across season 2025-01-01 - 2025-08-23
Age groups included 2 - 100

4.2 Sequencing Output and Quality

Metric Count Percentage (%)
Influenza-positive specimens eligible for sequencing 241 -
Specimens successfully sequenced 235 97.5
Specimen with complete genomes (all 8 segments pass QC) 211 89.8
Specimen with incomplete genomes (< 8 segments) 24 10.2
Specimen with complete HA segments 216 91.9
Specimen with complete NA segments 215 91.5

5. Clade and Subclade Distribution

5.1 Influenza BVIC

Clade / Subclade Count Percentage (%)
V1A.3a.2 / C.5.6 8 100.0
Total 8 100.0

5.2 Influenza H1N1

Clade / Subclade Count Percentage (%)
5a.2a.1 / D.3 18 75.0
5a.2a / C.1.9 6 25.0
Total 24 100.0

5.3 Influenza H3N2

Clade / Subclade Count Percentage (%)
2a.3a.1 / J.2 113 100.0
Total 113 100.0

5.4 Influenza H5N1

Clade / Subclade Count Percentage (%)
Undetermined / Undetermined 12 100.0
Total 12 100.0

5.5 Influenza H9N2

Clade / Subclade Count Percentage (%)
Undetermined / Undetermined 39 100.0
Total 39 100.0

6. Antiviral Resistance Markers

6.1 Neuraminidase H275Y (A(H1N1)pdm09)

Metric Count
A(H1N1)pdm09 genomes analyzed
Viruses with H275Y mutation
Percentage with H275Y

Interpretation:
The H275Y substitution is associated with reduced susceptibility to oseltamivir.


7. Phylogenetic Analysis

7.1 Methods

  • Alignment: [e.g., MAFFT]
  • Phylogenetic inference: [e.g., IQ-TREE / FastTree]
  • Reference strains: WHO vaccine reference strains for the [season] season
  • Gene(s) analyzed: ☐ HA ☐ NA ☐ Whole genome

7.2 Phylogenetic Tree Summary


8. Data Sharing

Sample GISAID Accession GenBank Accession
3004125289_N8KIRZ8D_v1 EPI3004125 AF3004125.1
3004125302_N8KIRZA6_v1 EPI3004125 AF3004125.1
3004125307_N8KIRZAV_v1 EPI3004125 AF3004125.1
3004125325_N8KIRZDD_v1 EPI3004125 AF3004125.1
3004125328_N8KIRZDS_v1 EPI3004125 AF3004125.1
3004125336_N8KIRZEW_v1 EPI3004125 AF3004125.1
3004125339_N8KIRZFB_v1 EPI3004125 AF3004125.1
3004125344_N8KIRZG0_v1 EPI3004125 AF3004125.1
3004125405_N8KIRZOH_v1 EPI3004125 AF3004125.1
3004125413_N8KIRZPL_v1 EPI3004125 AF3004125.1
3004125414_N8KIRZPQ_v1 EPI3004125 AF3004125.1
3004125420_N8KIRZQL_v1 EPI3004125 AF3004125.1
3004125421_N8KIRZQQ_v1 EPI3004125 AF3004125.1
3004125426_N8KIRZRE_v1 EPI3004125 AF3004125.1
3004125441_N8KIRZTI_v1 EPI3004125 AF3004125.1
3004125442_N8KIRZTN_v1 EPI3004125 AF3004125.1
3004125448_N8KIRZUG_v1 EPI3004125 AF3004125.1
3004125460_N8KIRZW4_v1 EPI3004125 AF3004125.1
3004125478_N8KIRZYM_v1 EPI3004125 AF3004125.1
3004125510_N8KIS032_v1 EPI3004125 AF3004125.1
3004125532_N8KIS064_v1 EPI3004125 AF3004125.1
3004125588_N8KIS0DW_v1 EPI3004125 AF3004125.1
3004166252_N8KIWD9O_v1 EPI3004166 AF3004166.1
3004166253_N8KIWD9T_v1 EPI3004166 AF3004166.1
3004166254_N8KIWD9Y_v1 EPI3004166 AF3004166.1
3004166255_N8KIWDA3_v1 EPI3004166 AF3004166.1
3004166256_N8KIWDA8_v1 EPI3004166 AF3004166.1
3004166257_N8KIWDAD_v1 EPI3004166 AF3004166.1
3004166258_N8KIWDAI_v1 EPI3004166 AF3004166.1
3004166259_N8KIWDAN_v1 EPI3004166 AF3004166.1
3004166260_N8KIWDAS_v1 EPI3004166 AF3004166.1
3004166261_N8KIWDAX_v1 EPI3004166 AF3004166.1
3004166262_N8KIWDB2_v1 EPI3004166 AF3004166.1
3004166263_N8KIWDB7_v1 EPI3004166 AF3004166.1
3004166266_N8KIWDBM_v1 EPI3004166 AF3004166.1
3004166268_N8KIWDBW_v1 EPI3004166 AF3004166.1
3004166269_N8KIWDC1_v1 EPI3004166 AF3004166.1
3004166273_N8KIWDCL_v1 EPI3004166 AF3004166.1
3004166275_N8KIWDCV_v1 EPI3004166 AF3004166.1
3004166277_N8KIWDD5_v1 EPI3004166 AF3004166.1
3004166278_N8KIWDDA_v1 EPI3004166 AF3004166.1
3004166280_N8KIWDDK_v1 EPI3004166 AF3004166.1
3004166281_N8KIWDDP_v1 EPI3004166 AF3004166.1
3004166283_N8KIWDDZ_v1 EPI3004166 AF3004166.1
3004166286_N8KIWDEE_v1 EPI3004166 AF3004166.1
3004166287_N8KIWDEJ_v1 EPI3004166 AF3004166.1
3004166289_N8KIWDET_v1 EPI3004166 AF3004166.1
3004166292_N8KIWDF8_v1 EPI3004166 AF3004166.1
3004166293_N8KIWDFD_v1 EPI3004166 AF3004166.1
3004166294_N8KIWDFI_v1 EPI3004166 AF3004166.1
3004166295_N8KIWDFN_v1 EPI3004166 AF3004166.1
3004166298_N8KIWDG2_v1 EPI3004166 AF3004166.1
3004166299_N8KIWDG7_v1 EPI3004166 AF3004166.1
3004166300_N8KIWDGC_v1 EPI3004166 AF3004166.1
3004166301_N8KIWDGH_v1 EPI3004166 AF3004166.1
3004166303_N8KIWDGR_v1 EPI3004166 AF3004166.1
3004166335_N8KIWDL7_v1 EPI3004166 AF3004166.1
3032470429_N90M7F9K_v1 EPI3032470 AF3032470.1
3032470430_N90M7F9L_v1 EPI3032470 AF3032470.1
3032470431_N90M7F9M_v1 EPI3032470 AF3032470.1
3032470432_N90M7F9N_v1 EPI3032470 AF3032470.1
3032470433_N90M7F9O_v1 EPI3032470 AF3032470.1
3032470434_N90M7F9P_v1 EPI3032470 AF3032470.1
3032470436_N90M7F9R_v1 EPI3032470 AF3032470.1
3032470437_N90M7F9S_v1 EPI3032470 AF3032470.1
3032470438_N90M7F9T_v1 EPI3032470 AF3032470.1
3032470439_N90M7F9U_v1 EPI3032470 AF3032470.1
3032470440_N90M7F9V_v1 EPI3032470 AF3032470.1
3032470441_N90M7F9W_v1 EPI3032470 AF3032470.1
3032470442_N90M7F9X_v1 EPI3032470 AF3032470.1
3032470443_N90M7F9Y_v1 EPI3032470 AF3032470.1
3032470444_N90M7F9Z_v1 EPI3032470 AF3032470.1
3032470445_N90M7FA0_v1 EPI3032470 AF3032470.1
3032470446_N90M7FA1_v1 EPI3032470 AF3032470.1
3032470447_N90M7FA2_v1 EPI3032470 AF3032470.1
3032470448_N90M7FA3_v1 EPI3032470 AF3032470.1
3032470449_N90M7FA4_v1 EPI3032470 AF3032470.1
3032470450_N90M7FA5_v1 EPI3032470 AF3032470.1
3032470451_N90M7FA6_v1 EPI3032470 AF3032470.1
3032470452_N90M7FA7_v1 EPI3032470 AF3032470.1
3032470453_N90M7FA8_v1 EPI3032470 AF3032470.1
3032470454_N90M7FA9_v1 EPI3032470 AF3032470.1
3032470455_N90M7FAA_v1 EPI3032470 AF3032470.1
3032470456_N90M7FAB_v1 EPI3032470 AF3032470.1
3032470457_N90M7FAC_v1 EPI3032470 AF3032470.1
3032470458_N90M7FAD_v1 EPI3032470 AF3032470.1
3032470459_N90M7FAE_v1 EPI3032470 AF3032470.1
3032470460_N90M7FAF_v1 EPI3032470 AF3032470.1
3032470461_N90M7FAG_v1 EPI3032470 AF3032470.1
3032470462_N90M7FAH_v1 EPI3032470 AF3032470.1
3032470463_N90M7FAI_v1 EPI3032470 AF3032470.1
3032470464_N90M7FAJ_v1 EPI3032470 AF3032470.1
3032470465_N90M7FAK_v1 EPI3032470 AF3032470.1
3032470466_N90M7FAL_v1 EPI3032470 AF3032470.1
3032470467_N90M7FAM_v1 EPI3032470 AF3032470.1
3032470468_N90M7FAN_v1 EPI3032470 AF3032470.1
3032470469_N90M7FAO_v1 EPI3032470 AF3032470.1
3032470470_N90M7FAP_v1 EPI3032470 AF3032470.1
3032470471_N90M7FAQ_v1 EPI3032470 AF3032470.1
3032470472_N90M7FAR_v1 EPI3032470 AF3032470.1
3032470473_N90M7FAS_v1 EPI3032470 AF3032470.1
3032470474_N90M7FAT_v1 EPI3032470 AF3032470.1
3032470475_N90M7FAU_v1 EPI3032470 AF3032470.1
3032470476_N90M7FAV_v1 EPI3032470 AF3032470.1
3032470477_N90M7FAW_v1 EPI3032470 AF3032470.1
3032470479_N90M7FAY_v1 EPI3032470 AF3032470.1
3032470480_N90M7FAZ_v1 EPI3032470 AF3032470.1
3032470481_N90M7FB0_v1 EPI3032470 AF3032470.1
3032470483_N90M7FB2_v1 EPI3032470 AF3032470.1
3032470484_N90M7FB3_v1 EPI3032470 AF3032470.1
3032470485_N90M7FB4_v1 EPI3032470 AF3032470.1
3032470486_N90M7FB5_v1 EPI3032470 AF3032470.1
3032563002_N90M7FC8_v1 EPI3032563 AF3032563.1
3032563002_N90M7FCA_v1 EPI3032563 AF3032563.1
3032563002_N90M7FCC_v1 EPI3032563 AF3032563.1
3101505695_N90N7ACU_v1 EPI3101505 AF3101505.1
3101678967_N90NX5D4_v1 EPI3101678 AF3101678.1
3101678982_N90NX5HA_v1 EPI3101678 AF3101678.1
3101678985_N90NX5I4_v1 EPI3101678 AF3101678.1
3101678986_N90NX5IE_v1 EPI3101678 AF3101678.1
3101678987_N90NX5IO_v1 EPI3101678 AF3101678.1
3101678989_N90NX5J8_v1 EPI3101678 AF3101678.1
3101678991_N90NX5JS_v1 EPI3101678 AF3101678.1
3101678992_N90NX5K2_v1 EPI3101678 AF3101678.1
3101678994_N90NX5KM_v1 EPI3101678 AF3101678.1
3101678997_N90NX5LG_v1 EPI3101678 AF3101678.1
3101678999_N90NX5M0_v1 EPI3101678 AF3101678.1
3101679000_N90NX5MA_v1 EPI3101679 AF3101679.1
3101679002_N90NX5MU_v1 EPI3101679 AF3101679.1
3101679007_N90NX5O8_v1 EPI3101679 AF3101679.1
3101679013_N90NX5PW_v1 EPI3101679 AF3101679.1
3101679015_N90NX5QG_v1 EPI3101679 AF3101679.1
3101679016_N90NX5QQ_v1 EPI3101679 AF3101679.1
3101679017_N90NX5R0_v1 EPI3101679 AF3101679.1
3101679018_N90NX5RA_v1 EPI3101679 AF3101679.1
3101679020_N90NX5RU_v1 EPI3101679 AF3101679.1
3101679022_N90NX5SE_v1 EPI3101679 AF3101679.1
3101679024_N90NX5SY_v1 EPI3101679 AF3101679.1
3101679025_N90NX5T8_v1 EPI3101679 AF3101679.1
3101679027_N90NX5TS_v1 EPI3101679 AF3101679.1
3101679028_N90NX5U2_v1 EPI3101679 AF3101679.1
3101679029_N90NX5UC_v1 EPI3101679 AF3101679.1
3101679031_N90NX5UW_v1 EPI3101679 AF3101679.1
3101679036_N90NX5WA_v1 EPI3101679 AF3101679.1
3101679041_N90NX5XO_v1 EPI3101679 AF3101679.1
3101679042_N90NX5XY_v1 EPI3101679 AF3101679.1
3101679044_N90NX5YI_v1 EPI3101679 AF3101679.1
3101679048_N90NX5ZM_v1 EPI3101679 AF3101679.1
3101679049_N90NX5ZW_v1 EPI3101679 AF3101679.1
3101679054_N90NX61A_v1 EPI3101679 AF3101679.1
3101679055_N90NX61K_v1 EPI3101679 AF3101679.1
3101679058_N90NX62E_v1 EPI3101679 AF3101679.1
3101679069_N90NX65G_v1 EPI3101679 AF3101679.1
3101679070_N90NX65Q_v1 EPI3101679 AF3101679.1
3101679071_N90NX660_v1 EPI3101679 AF3101679.1
3101679073_N90NX66K_v1 EPI3101679 AF3101679.1
3101679076_N90NX67E_v1 EPI3101679 AF3101679.1
3104176725_N90OWZZK_v1 EPI3104176 AF3104176.1
3104176732_N90OX00J_v1 EPI3104176 AF3104176.1
3104176738_N90OX01D_v1 EPI3104176 AF3104176.1
3104176739_N90OX01I_v1 EPI3104176 AF3104176.1
3104176740_N90OX01N_v1 EPI3104176 AF3104176.1
3104176748_N90OX02R_v1 EPI3104176 AF3104176.1
3104176751_N90OX036_v1 EPI3104176 AF3104176.1
3104176767_N90OX05E_v1 EPI3104176 AF3104176.1
3104176805_N90OX0AO_v1 EPI3104176 AF3104176.1
3104176807_N90OX0AY_v1 EPI3104176 AF3104176.1
3104176819_N90OX0CM_v1 EPI3104176 AF3104176.1
3104176829_N90OX0E0_v1 EPI3104176 AF3104176.1
3104176834_N90OX0EP_v1 EPI3104176 AF3104176.1
3104176849_N90OX0GS_v1 EPI3104176 AF3104176.1
3104176882_N90OX0LD_v1 EPI3104176 AF3104176.1
3104176894_N90OX0N1_v1 EPI3104176 AF3104176.1
3104176903_N90OX0OA_v1 EPI3104176 AF3104176.1
3104176913_N90OX0PO_v1 EPI3104176 AF3104176.1
3104177046_N90OX185_v1 EPI3104177 AF3104177.1
3104177104_N90OX1G7_v1 EPI3104177 AF3104177.1
3104177274_N90OX23T_v1 EPI3104177 AF3104177.1
3104177349_N90OX2E8_v1 EPI3104177 AF3104177.1
3104177352_N90OX2EN_v1 EPI3104177 AF3104177.1
4001337248_N90O6VJD_v1 EPI4001337 AF4001337.1
4001337252_N90O6VKH_v1 EPI4001337 AF4001337.1
4001337258_N90O6VM5_v1 EPI4001337 AF4001337.1
4001337260_N90O6VMP_v1 EPI4001337 AF4001337.1
4001337263_N90O6VNJ_v1 EPI4001337 AF4001337.1
4001337266_N90O6VOD_v1 EPI4001337 AF4001337.1
4001337271_N90O6VPR_v1 EPI4001337 AF4001337.1
4001337275_N90O6VQV_v1 EPI4001337 AF4001337.1
4001337290_N90O6VV1_v1 EPI4001337 AF4001337.1
4001337296_N90O6VWP_v1 EPI4001337 AF4001337.1
4001337300_N90O6VXT_v1 EPI4001337 AF4001337.1
4001337304_N90O6VYX_v1 EPI4001337 AF4001337.1
4001337305_N90O6VZ7_v1 EPI4001337 AF4001337.1
4001337311_N90O6W0V_v1 EPI4001337 AF4001337.1
4001337314_N90O6W1P_v1 EPI4001337 AF4001337.1
4001337321_N90O6W3N_v1 EPI4001337 AF4001337.1
4001337322_N90O6W3X_v1 EPI4001337 AF4001337.1
4001337327_N90O6W5B_v1 EPI4001337 AF4001337.1
4001337341_N90O6W97_v1 EPI4001337 AF4001337.1
4002020706_N90PF9PA_v1 EPI4002020 AF4002020.1

9. Limitations

  • Sequencing coverage may not be fully representative of all regions.
  • Selection bias due to Ct-based sequencing thresholds.
  • Turnaround time varied during peak transmission periods.

10. Conclusions and Public Health Implications

**Update this in _quarto.yml!** Genomic surveillance during the 2026 influenza season demonstrated …., supporting national and global influenza risk assessment and vaccine strain selection processes.


11. Acknowledgements

We acknowledge sentinel sites, laboratories, clinicians, and data contributors supporting influenza surveillance in United States.


12. Contact Information

Institution: National Influenza Center / Genomic Surveillance Unit
Email: nora.jones@mail.com
Phone: 1+ 555-123-4567