ReadonlyautoThis property is only present if the family autoselection algorithm is enabled in socket.connect(options)
and it is an array of the addresses that have been attempted.
Each address is a string in the form of $IP:$PORT.
If the connection was successful, then the last address is the one that the socket is currently connected to.
ReadonlybufferThis property shows the number of characters buffered for writing. The buffer may contain strings whose length after encoding is not yet known. So this number is only an approximation of the number of bytes in the buffer.
net.Socket has the property that socket.write() always works. This is to
help users get up and running quickly. The computer cannot always keep up
with the amount of data that is written to a socket. The network connection
simply might be too slow. Node.js will internally queue up the data written to a
socket and send it out over the wire when it is possible.
The consequence of this internal buffering is that memory may grow.
Users who experience large or growing bufferSize should attempt to
"throttle" the data flows in their program with socket.pause() and socket.resume().
ReadonlybytesThe amount of received bytes.
ReadonlybytesThe amount of bytes sent.
ReadonlyclosedIs true after 'close' has been emitted.
ReadonlyconnectingIf true, socket.connect(options[, connectListener]) was
called and has not yet finished. It will stay true until the socket becomes
connected, then it is set to false and the 'connect' event is emitted. Note
that the socket.connect(options[, connectListener]) callback is a listener for the 'connect' event.
ReadonlydestroyedSee writable.destroyed for further details.
ReadonlyerroredReturns error if the stream has been destroyed with an error.
A boolean that is true if the TTY is currently configured to operate as a
raw device.
This flag is always false when a process starts, even if the terminal is
operating in raw mode. Its value will change with subsequent calls to setRawMode.
A boolean that is always true for tty.ReadStream instances.
Optional ReadonlylocalThe string representation of the local IP address the remote client is
connecting on. For example, in a server listening on '0.0.0.0', if a client
connects on '192.168.1.1', the value of socket.localAddress would be'192.168.1.1'.
Optional ReadonlylocalThe string representation of the local IP family. 'IPv4' or 'IPv6'.
Optional ReadonlylocalThe numeric representation of the local port. For example, 80 or 21.
ReadonlypendingThis is true if the socket is not connected yet, either because .connect()has not yet been called or because it is still in the process of connecting
(see socket.connecting).
Is true if it is safe to call read, which means
the stream has not been destroyed or emitted 'error' or 'end'.
ReadonlyreadableReturns whether the stream was destroyed or errored before emitting 'end'.
ReadonlyreadableReturns whether 'data' has been emitted.
ReadonlyreadableGetter for the property encoding of a given Readable stream. The encoding property can be set using the setEncoding method.
ReadonlyreadableBecomes true when 'end' event is emitted.
ReadonlyreadableThis property reflects the current state of a Readable stream as described
in the Three states section.
ReadonlyreadableReturns the value of highWaterMark passed when creating this Readable.
ReadonlyreadableThis property contains the number of bytes (or objects) in the queue
ready to be read. The value provides introspection data regarding
the status of the highWaterMark.
ReadonlyreadableGetter for the property objectMode of a given Readable stream.
ReadonlyreadyThis property represents the state of the connection as a string.
socket.readyState is opening.open.readOnly.writeOnly.Optional ReadonlyremoteThe string representation of the remote IP address. For example,'74.125.127.100' or '2001:4860:a005::68'. Value may be undefined if
the socket is destroyed (for example, if the client disconnected).
Optional ReadonlyremoteThe string representation of the remote IP family. 'IPv4' or 'IPv6'. Value may be undefined if
the socket is destroyed (for example, if the client disconnected).
Optional ReadonlyremoteThe numeric representation of the remote port. For example, 80 or 21. Value may be undefined if
the socket is destroyed (for example, if the client disconnected).
Optional ReadonlytimeoutThe socket timeout in milliseconds as set by socket.setTimeout().
It is undefined if a timeout has not been set.
ReadonlywritableIs true if it is safe to call writable.write(), which means
the stream has not been destroyed, errored, or ended.
ReadonlywritableReturns whether the stream was destroyed or errored before emitting 'finish'.
ReadonlywritableNumber of times writable.uncork() needs to be
called in order to fully uncork the stream.
ReadonlywritableIs true after writable.end() has been called. This property
does not indicate whether the data has been flushed, for this use writable.writableFinished instead.
ReadonlywritableIs set to true immediately before the 'finish' event is emitted.
ReadonlywritableReturn the value of highWaterMark passed when creating this Writable.
ReadonlywritableThis property contains the number of bytes (or objects) in the queue
ready to be written. The value provides introspection data regarding
the status of the highWaterMark.
ReadonlywritableIs true if the stream's buffer has been full and stream will emit 'drain'.
ReadonlywritableGetter for the property objectMode of a given Writable stream.
Optional_constructOptional_writevOptional[captureevents.EventEmitter
events.EventEmitter
events.EventEmitter
events.EventEmitter
events.EventEmitter
events.EventEmitter
events.EventEmitter
events.EventEmitter
events.EventEmitter
events.EventEmitter
events.EventEmitter
events.EventEmitter
events.EventEmitter
This method returns a new stream with chunks of the underlying stream paired with a counter
in the form [index, chunk]. The first index value is 0 and it increases by 1 for each chunk produced.
Optionaloptions: Pick<ArrayOptions, "signal">a stream of indexed pairs.
Initiate a connection on a given socket.
Possible signatures:
socket.connect(options[, connectListener])socket.connect(path[, connectListener]) for IPC connections.socket.connect(port[, host][, connectListener]) for TCP connections.net.Socket The socket itself.This function is asynchronous. When the connection is established, the 'connect' event will be emitted. If there is a problem connecting,
instead of a 'connect' event, an 'error' event will be emitted with
the error passed to the 'error' listener.
The last parameter connectListener, if supplied, will be added as a listener
for the 'connect' event once.
This function should only be used for reconnecting a socket after'close' has been emitted or otherwise it may lead to undefined
behavior.
OptionalconnectionListener: () => voidInitiate a connection on a given socket.
Possible signatures:
socket.connect(options[, connectListener])socket.connect(path[, connectListener]) for IPC connections.socket.connect(port[, host][, connectListener]) for TCP connections.net.Socket The socket itself.This function is asynchronous. When the connection is established, the 'connect' event will be emitted. If there is a problem connecting,
instead of a 'connect' event, an 'error' event will be emitted with
the error passed to the 'error' listener.
The last parameter connectListener, if supplied, will be added as a listener
for the 'connect' event once.
This function should only be used for reconnecting a socket after'close' has been emitted or otherwise it may lead to undefined
behavior.
OptionalconnectionListener: () => voidInitiate a connection on a given socket.
Possible signatures:
socket.connect(options[, connectListener])socket.connect(path[, connectListener]) for IPC connections.socket.connect(port[, host][, connectListener]) for TCP connections.net.Socket The socket itself.This function is asynchronous. When the connection is established, the 'connect' event will be emitted. If there is a problem connecting,
instead of a 'connect' event, an 'error' event will be emitted with
the error passed to the 'error' listener.
The last parameter connectListener, if supplied, will be added as a listener
for the 'connect' event once.
This function should only be used for reconnecting a socket after'close' has been emitted or otherwise it may lead to undefined
behavior.
OptionalconnectionListener: () => voidInitiate a connection on a given socket.
Possible signatures:
socket.connect(options[, connectListener])socket.connect(path[, connectListener]) for IPC connections.socket.connect(port[, host][, connectListener]) for TCP connections.net.Socket The socket itself.This function is asynchronous. When the connection is established, the 'connect' event will be emitted. If there is a problem connecting,
instead of a 'connect' event, an 'error' event will be emitted with
the error passed to the 'error' listener.
The last parameter connectListener, if supplied, will be added as a listener
for the 'connect' event once.
This function should only be used for reconnecting a socket after'close' has been emitted or otherwise it may lead to undefined
behavior.
OptionalconnectionListener: () => voidThe writable.cork() method forces all written data to be buffered in memory.
The buffered data will be flushed when either the uncork or end methods are called.
The primary intent of writable.cork() is to accommodate a situation in which
several small chunks are written to the stream in rapid succession. Instead of
immediately forwarding them to the underlying destination, writable.cork() buffers all the chunks until writable.uncork() is called, which will pass them
all to writable._writev(), if present. This prevents a head-of-line blocking
situation where data is being buffered while waiting for the first small chunk
to be processed. However, use of writable.cork() without implementing writable._writev() may have an adverse effect on throughput.
See also: writable.uncork(), writable._writev().
Destroy the stream. Optionally emit an 'error' event, and emit a 'close' event (unless emitClose is set to false). After this call, the readable
stream will release any internal resources and subsequent calls to push() will be ignored.
Once destroy() has been called any further calls will be a no-op and no
further errors except from _destroy() may be emitted as 'error'.
Implementors should not override this method, but instead implement readable._destroy().
Optionalerror: ErrorError which will be passed as payload in 'error' event
Half-closes the socket. i.e., it sends a FIN packet. It is possible the server will still send some data.
See writable.end() for further details.
Optionalcallback: () => voidOptional callback for when the socket is finished.
The socket itself.
Half-closes the socket. i.e., it sends a FIN packet. It is possible the server will still send some data.
See writable.end() for further details.
Optionalencoding: BufferEncodingOnly used when data is string.
Optionalcallback: () => voidOptional callback for when the socket is finished.
The socket itself.
Returns an array listing the events for which the emitter has registered
listeners. The values in the array are strings or Symbols.
import { EventEmitter } from 'node:events';
const myEE = new EventEmitter();
myEE.on('foo', () => {});
myEE.on('bar', () => {});
const sym = Symbol('symbol');
myEE.on(sym, () => {});
console.log(myEE.eventNames());
// Prints: [ 'foo', 'bar', Symbol(symbol) ]
This method is similar to Array.prototype.every and calls fn on each chunk in the stream
to check if all awaited return values are truthy value for fn. Once an fn call on a chunk
awaited return value is falsy, the stream is destroyed and the promise is fulfilled with false.
If all of the fn calls on the chunks return a truthy value, the promise is fulfilled with true.
a function to call on each chunk of the stream. Async or not.
Optionaloptions: ArrayOptionsa promise evaluating to true if fn returned a truthy value for every one of the chunks.
This method allows filtering the stream. For each chunk in the stream the fn function will be called
and if it returns a truthy value, the chunk will be passed to the result stream.
If the fn function returns a promise - that promise will be awaited.
a function to filter chunks from the stream. Async or not.
Optionaloptions: ArrayOptionsa stream filtered with the predicate fn.
This method is similar to Array.prototype.find and calls fn on each chunk in the stream
to find a chunk with a truthy value for fn. Once an fn call's awaited return value is truthy,
the stream is destroyed and the promise is fulfilled with value for which fn returned a truthy value.
If all of the fn calls on the chunks return a falsy value, the promise is fulfilled with undefined.
a function to call on each chunk of the stream. Async or not.
Optionaloptions: ArrayOptionsa promise evaluating to the first chunk for which fn evaluated with a truthy value,
or undefined if no element was found.
This method is similar to Array.prototype.find and calls fn on each chunk in the stream
to find a chunk with a truthy value for fn. Once an fn call's awaited return value is truthy,
the stream is destroyed and the promise is fulfilled with value for which fn returned a truthy value.
If all of the fn calls on the chunks return a falsy value, the promise is fulfilled with undefined.
a function to call on each chunk of the stream. Async or not.
Optionaloptions: ArrayOptionsa promise evaluating to the first chunk for which fn evaluated with a truthy value,
or undefined if no element was found.
This method returns a new stream by applying the given callback to each chunk of the stream and then flattening the result.
It is possible to return a stream or another iterable or async iterable from fn and the result streams will be merged (flattened) into the returned stream.
a function to map over every chunk in the stream. May be async. May be a stream or generator.
Optionaloptions: ArrayOptionsa stream flat-mapped with the function fn.
This method allows iterating a stream. For each chunk in the stream the fn function will be called.
If the fn function returns a promise - that promise will be awaited.
This method is different from for await...of loops in that it can optionally process chunks concurrently.
In addition, a forEach iteration can only be stopped by having passed a signal option
and aborting the related AbortController while for await...of can be stopped with break or return.
In either case the stream will be destroyed.
This method is different from listening to the 'data' event in that it uses the readable event
in the underlying machinary and can limit the number of concurrent fn calls.
a function to call on each chunk of the stream. Async or not.
Optionaloptions: ArrayOptionsa promise for when the stream has finished.
The readable.isPaused() method returns the current operating state of the Readable.
This is used primarily by the mechanism that underlies the readable.pipe() method.
In most typical cases, there will be no reason to use this method directly.
const readable = new stream.Readable();
readable.isPaused(); // === false
readable.pause();
readable.isPaused(); // === true
readable.resume();
readable.isPaused(); // === false
The iterator created by this method gives users the option to cancel the destruction
of the stream if the for await...of loop is exited by return, break, or throw,
or if the iterator should destroy the stream if the stream emitted an error during iteration.
Optionaloptions: { destroyOnReturn?: boolean }OptionaldestroyOnReturn?: booleanWhen set to false, calling return on the async iterator,
or exiting a for await...of iteration using a break, return, or throw will not destroy the stream.
Default: true.
Returns the number of listeners listening for the event named eventName.
If listener is provided, it will return how many times the listener is found
in the list of the listeners of the event.
The name of the event being listened for
Optionallistener: FunctionThe event handler function
Returns a copy of the array of listeners for the event named eventName.
server.on('connection', (stream) => {
console.log('someone connected!');
});
console.log(util.inspect(server.listeners('connection')));
// Prints: [ [Function] ]
This method allows mapping over the stream. The fn function will be called for every chunk in the stream.
If the fn function returns a promise - that promise will be awaited before being passed to the result stream.
a function to map over every chunk in the stream. Async or not.
Optionaloptions: ArrayOptionsa stream mapped with the function fn.
Pauses the reading of data. That is, 'data' events will not be emitted.
Useful to throttle back an upload.
The socket itself.
Optionaloptions: { end?: boolean }Optionalencoding: BufferEncodingReturns a copy of the array of listeners for the event named eventName,
including any wrappers (such as those created by .once()).
import { EventEmitter } from 'node:events';
const emitter = new EventEmitter();
emitter.once('log', () => console.log('log once'));
// Returns a new Array with a function `onceWrapper` which has a property
// `listener` which contains the original listener bound above
const listeners = emitter.rawListeners('log');
const logFnWrapper = listeners[0];
// Logs "log once" to the console and does not unbind the `once` event
logFnWrapper.listener();
// Logs "log once" to the console and removes the listener
logFnWrapper();
emitter.on('log', () => console.log('log persistently'));
// Will return a new Array with a single function bound by `.on()` above
const newListeners = emitter.rawListeners('log');
// Logs "log persistently" twice
newListeners[0]();
emitter.emit('log');
The readable.read() method reads data out of the internal buffer and
returns it. If no data is available to be read, null is returned. By default,
the data is returned as a Buffer object unless an encoding has been
specified using the readable.setEncoding() method or the stream is operating
in object mode.
The optional size argument specifies a specific number of bytes to read. If
size bytes are not available to be read, null will be returned unless the
stream has ended, in which case all of the data remaining in the internal buffer
will be returned.
If the size argument is not specified, all of the data contained in the
internal buffer will be returned.
The size argument must be less than or equal to 1 GiB.
The readable.read() method should only be called on Readable streams
operating in paused mode. In flowing mode, readable.read() is called
automatically until the internal buffer is fully drained.
const readable = getReadableStreamSomehow();
// 'readable' may be triggered multiple times as data is buffered in
readable.on('readable', () => {
let chunk;
console.log('Stream is readable (new data received in buffer)');
// Use a loop to make sure we read all currently available data
while (null !== (chunk = readable.read())) {
console.log(`Read ${chunk.length} bytes of data...`);
}
});
// 'end' will be triggered once when there is no more data available
readable.on('end', () => {
console.log('Reached end of stream.');
});
Each call to readable.read() returns a chunk of data, or null. The chunks
are not concatenated. A while loop is necessary to consume all data
currently in the buffer. When reading a large file .read() may return null,
having consumed all buffered content so far, but there is still more data to
come not yet buffered. In this case a new 'readable' event will be emitted
when there is more data in the buffer. Finally the 'end' event will be
emitted when there is no more data to come.
Therefore to read a file's whole contents from a readable, it is necessary
to collect chunks across multiple 'readable' events:
const chunks = [];
readable.on('readable', () => {
let chunk;
while (null !== (chunk = readable.read())) {
chunks.push(chunk);
}
});
readable.on('end', () => {
const content = chunks.join('');
});
A Readable stream in object mode will always return a single item from
a call to readable.read(size), regardless of the value of the size argument.
If the readable.read() method returns a chunk of data, a 'data' event will
also be emitted.
Calling read after the 'end' event has
been emitted will return null. No runtime error will be raised.
Optionalsize: numberOptional argument to specify how much data to read.
This method calls fn on each chunk of the stream in order, passing it the result from the calculation on the previous element. It returns a promise for the final value of the reduction.
If no initial value is supplied the first chunk of the stream is used as the initial value.
If the stream is empty, the promise is rejected with a TypeError with the ERR_INVALID_ARGS code property.
The reducer function iterates the stream element-by-element which means that there is no concurrency parameter
or parallelism. To perform a reduce concurrently, you can extract the async function to readable.map method.
a reducer function to call over every chunk in the stream. Async or not.
Optionalinitial: undefinedthe initial value to use in the reduction.
Optionaloptions: Pick<ArrayOptions, "signal">a promise for the final value of the reduction.
This method calls fn on each chunk of the stream in order, passing it the result from the calculation on the previous element. It returns a promise for the final value of the reduction.
If no initial value is supplied the first chunk of the stream is used as the initial value.
If the stream is empty, the promise is rejected with a TypeError with the ERR_INVALID_ARGS code property.
The reducer function iterates the stream element-by-element which means that there is no concurrency parameter
or parallelism. To perform a reduce concurrently, you can extract the async function to readable.map method.
a promise for the final value of the reduction.
Removes all listeners, or those of the specified eventName.
It is bad practice to remove listeners added elsewhere in the code,
particularly when the EventEmitter instance was created by some other
component or module (e.g. sockets or file streams).
Returns a reference to the EventEmitter, so that calls can be chained.
OptionaleventName: string | symbolRemoves the specified listener from the listener array for the event named eventName.
const callback = (stream) => {
console.log('someone connected!');
};
server.on('connection', callback);
// ...
server.removeListener('connection', callback);
removeListener() will remove, at most, one instance of a listener from the
listener array. If any single listener has been added multiple times to the
listener array for the specified eventName, then removeListener() must be
called multiple times to remove each instance.
Once an event is emitted, all listeners attached to it at the
time of emitting are called in order. This implies that any removeListener() or removeAllListeners() calls after emitting and before the last listener finishes execution
will not remove them fromemit() in progress. Subsequent events behave as expected.
import { EventEmitter } from 'node:events';
class MyEmitter extends EventEmitter {}
const myEmitter = new MyEmitter();
const callbackA = () => {
console.log('A');
myEmitter.removeListener('event', callbackB);
};
const callbackB = () => {
console.log('B');
};
myEmitter.on('event', callbackA);
myEmitter.on('event', callbackB);
// callbackA removes listener callbackB but it will still be called.
// Internal listener array at time of emit [callbackA, callbackB]
myEmitter.emit('event');
// Prints:
// A
// B
// callbackB is now removed.
// Internal listener array [callbackA]
myEmitter.emit('event');
// Prints:
// A
Because listeners are managed using an internal array, calling this will
change the position indices of any listener registered after the listener
being removed. This will not impact the order in which listeners are called,
but it means that any copies of the listener array as returned by
the emitter.listeners() method will need to be recreated.
When a single function has been added as a handler multiple times for a single
event (as in the example below), removeListener() will remove the most
recently added instance. In the example the once('ping') listener is removed:
import { EventEmitter } from 'node:events';
const ee = new EventEmitter();
function pong() {
console.log('pong');
}
ee.on('ping', pong);
ee.once('ping', pong);
ee.removeListener('ping', pong);
ee.emit('ping');
ee.emit('ping');
Returns a reference to the EventEmitter, so that calls can be chained.
Close the TCP connection by sending an RST packet and destroy the stream.
If this TCP socket is in connecting status, it will send an RST packet and destroy this TCP socket once it is connected.
Otherwise, it will call socket.destroy with an ERR_SOCKET_CLOSED Error.
If this is not a TCP socket (for example, a pipe), calling this method will immediately throw an ERR_INVALID_HANDLE_TYPE Error.
Resumes reading after a call to socket.pause().
The socket itself.
The writable.setDefaultEncoding() method sets the default encoding for a Writable stream.
The new default encoding
Set the encoding for the socket as a Readable Stream. See readable.setEncoding() for more information.
Optionalencoding: BufferEncodingThe socket itself.
Enable/disable keep-alive functionality, and optionally set the initial delay before the first keepalive probe is sent on an idle socket.
Set initialDelay (in milliseconds) to set the delay between the last
data packet received and the first keepalive probe. Setting 0 forinitialDelay will leave the value unchanged from the default
(or previous) setting.
Enabling the keep-alive functionality will set the following socket options:
SO_KEEPALIVE=1TCP_KEEPIDLE=initialDelayTCP_KEEPCNT=10TCP_KEEPINTVL=1Optionalenable: booleanOptionalinitialDelay: numberThe socket itself.
By default EventEmitters will print a warning if more than 10 listeners are
added for a particular event. This is a useful default that helps finding
memory leaks. The emitter.setMaxListeners() method allows the limit to be
modified for this specific EventEmitter instance. The value can be set to Infinity (or 0) to indicate an unlimited number of listeners.
Returns a reference to the EventEmitter, so that calls can be chained.
Enable/disable the use of Nagle's algorithm.
When a TCP connection is created, it will have Nagle's algorithm enabled.
Nagle's algorithm delays data before it is sent via the network. It attempts to optimize throughput at the expense of latency.
Passing true for noDelay or not passing an argument will disable Nagle's
algorithm for the socket. Passing false for noDelay will enable Nagle's
algorithm.
OptionalnoDelay: booleanThe socket itself.
Allows configuration of tty.ReadStream so that it operates as a raw device.
When in raw mode, input is always available character-by-character, not
including modifiers. Additionally, all special processing of characters by the
terminal is disabled, including echoing input
characters. Ctrl+C will no longer cause a SIGINT when
in this mode.
If true, configures the tty.ReadStream to operate as a raw device. If false, configures the tty.ReadStream to operate in its default mode. The readStream.isRaw
property will be set to the resulting mode.
The read stream instance.
Sets the socket to timeout after timeout milliseconds of inactivity on
the socket. By default net.Socket do not have a timeout.
When an idle timeout is triggered the socket will receive a 'timeout' event but the connection will not be severed. The user must manually call socket.end() or socket.destroy() to
end the connection.
socket.setTimeout(3000);
socket.on('timeout', () => {
console.log('socket timeout');
socket.end();
});
If timeout is 0, then the existing idle timeout is disabled.
The optional callback parameter will be added as a one-time listener for the 'timeout' event.
Optionalcallback: () => voidThe socket itself.
This method is similar to Array.prototype.some and calls fn on each chunk in the stream
until the awaited return value is true (or any truthy value). Once an fn call on a chunk
awaited return value is truthy, the stream is destroyed and the promise is fulfilled with true.
If none of the fn calls on the chunks return a truthy value, the promise is fulfilled with false.
a function to call on each chunk of the stream. Async or not.
Optionaloptions: ArrayOptionsa promise evaluating to true if fn returned a truthy value for at least one of the chunks.
This method allows easily obtaining the contents of a stream.
As this method reads the entire stream into memory, it negates the benefits of streams. It's intended for interoperability and convenience, not as the primary way to consume streams.
Optionaloptions: Pick<ArrayOptions, "signal">a promise containing an array with the contents of the stream.
The writable.uncork() method flushes all data buffered since cork was called.
When using writable.cork() and writable.uncork() to manage the buffering
of writes to a stream, defer calls to writable.uncork() using process.nextTick(). Doing so allows batching of all writable.write() calls that occur within a given Node.js event
loop phase.
stream.cork();
stream.write('some ');
stream.write('data ');
process.nextTick(() => stream.uncork());
If the writable.cork() method is called multiple times on a stream, the
same number of calls to writable.uncork() must be called to flush the buffered
data.
stream.cork();
stream.write('some ');
stream.cork();
stream.write('data ');
process.nextTick(() => {
stream.uncork();
// The data will not be flushed until uncork() is called a second time.
stream.uncork();
});
See also: writable.cork().
The readable.unpipe() method detaches a Writable stream previously attached
using the pipe method.
If the destination is not specified, then all pipes are detached.
If the destination is specified, but no pipe is set up for it, then
the method does nothing.
import fs from 'node:fs';
const readable = getReadableStreamSomehow();
const writable = fs.createWriteStream('file.txt');
// All the data from readable goes into 'file.txt',
// but only for the first second.
readable.pipe(writable);
setTimeout(() => {
console.log('Stop writing to file.txt.');
readable.unpipe(writable);
console.log('Manually close the file stream.');
writable.end();
}, 1000);
Optionaldestination: WritableStreamOptional specific stream to unpipe
Passing chunk as null signals the end of the stream (EOF) and behaves the
same as readable.push(null), after which no more data can be written. The EOF
signal is put at the end of the buffer and any buffered data will still be
flushed.
The readable.unshift() method pushes a chunk of data back into the internal
buffer. This is useful in certain situations where a stream is being consumed by
code that needs to "un-consume" some amount of data that it has optimistically
pulled out of the source, so that the data can be passed on to some other party.
The stream.unshift(chunk) method cannot be called after the 'end' event
has been emitted or a runtime error will be thrown.
Developers using stream.unshift() often should consider switching to
use of a Transform stream instead. See the API for stream implementers section for more information.
// Pull off a header delimited by \n\n.
// Use unshift() if we get too much.
// Call the callback with (error, header, stream).
import { StringDecoder } from 'node:string_decoder';
function parseHeader(stream, callback) {
stream.on('error', callback);
stream.on('readable', onReadable);
const decoder = new StringDecoder('utf8');
let header = '';
function onReadable() {
let chunk;
while (null !== (chunk = stream.read())) {
const str = decoder.write(chunk);
if (str.includes('\n\n')) {
// Found the header boundary.
const split = str.split(/\n\n/);
header += split.shift();
const remaining = split.join('\n\n');
const buf = Buffer.from(remaining, 'utf8');
stream.removeListener('error', callback);
// Remove the 'readable' listener before unshifting.
stream.removeListener('readable', onReadable);
if (buf.length)
stream.unshift(buf);
// Now the body of the message can be read from the stream.
callback(null, header, stream);
return;
}
// Still reading the header.
header += str;
}
}
}
Unlike push, stream.unshift(chunk) will not
end the reading process by resetting the internal reading state of the stream.
This can cause unexpected results if readable.unshift() is called during a
read (i.e. from within a _read implementation on a
custom stream). Following the call to readable.unshift() with an immediate push will reset the reading state appropriately,
however it is best to simply avoid calling readable.unshift() while in the
process of performing a read.
Chunk of data to unshift onto the read queue. For streams not operating in object mode, chunk must
be a {string}, {Buffer}, {TypedArray}, {DataView} or null. For object mode streams, chunk may be any JavaScript value.
Optionalencoding: BufferEncodingEncoding of string chunks. Must be a valid Buffer encoding, such as 'utf8' or 'ascii'.
Prior to Node.js 0.10, streams did not implement the entire node:stream module API as it is currently defined. (See Compatibility for more
information.)
When using an older Node.js library that emits 'data' events and has a pause method that is advisory only, the readable.wrap() method can be used to create a Readable
stream that uses
the old stream as its data source.
It will rarely be necessary to use readable.wrap() but the method has been
provided as a convenience for interacting with older Node.js applications and
libraries.
import { OldReader } from './old-api-module.js';
import { Readable } from 'node:stream';
const oreader = new OldReader();
const myReader = new Readable().wrap(oreader);
myReader.on('readable', () => {
myReader.read(); // etc.
});
An "old style" readable stream
Sends data on the socket. The second parameter specifies the encoding in the case of a string. It defaults to UTF8 encoding.
Returns true if the entire data was flushed successfully to the kernel
buffer. Returns false if all or part of the data was queued in user memory.'drain' will be emitted when the buffer is again free.
The optional callback parameter will be executed when the data is finally
written out, which may not be immediately.
See Writable stream write() method for more
information.
Optionalcb: (err?: null | Error) => voidSends data on the socket. The second parameter specifies the encoding in the case of a string. It defaults to UTF8 encoding.
Returns true if the entire data was flushed successfully to the kernel
buffer. Returns false if all or part of the data was queued in user memory.'drain' will be emitted when the buffer is again free.
The optional callback parameter will be executed when the data is finally
written out, which may not be immediately.
See Writable stream write() method for more
information.
Optionalencoding: BufferEncodingOnly used when data is string.
Optionalcb: (err?: null | Error) => void
If
falsethen the stream will automatically end the writable side when the readable side ends. Set initially by theallowHalfOpenconstructor option, which defaults totrue.This can be changed manually to change the half-open behavior of an existing
Duplexstream instance, but must be changed before the'end'event is emitted.